Analisis Komparatif Biaya Operasional, Perawatan, dan Pajak: Kendaraan Listrik (EV) vs. Kendaraan Konvensional (ICE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v7i4.634Keywords:
Electric Vehicle, Internal Combustion Engine, Biaya Operasional, Perawatan, Pajak Kendaraan.Abstract
Transisi global menuju mobilitas berkelanjutan mendorong adopsi Kendaraan Listrik (Electric Vehicle/EV) sebagai alternatif Kendaraan Konvensional (Internal Combustion Engine/ICE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan total biaya kepemilikan (Total Cost of Ownership) antara EV dan ICE, yang berfokus pada tiga aspek utama: biaya operasional harian, biaya perawatan berkala, dan beban pajak kendaraan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap 20 informan yang terdiri dari pemilik EV, pemilik ICE, teknisi otomotif, dan regulatur kebijakan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa EV menawarkan efisiensi biaya operasional hingga 60% lebih murah dan biaya perawatan yang jauh lebih rendah karena jumlah komponen bergerak yang lebih sedikit. Selain itu, insentif fiskal berupa pembebasan atau pengurangan pajak dari pemerintah memberikan keuntungan ekonomis tambahan bagi pengguna EV. Meskipun investasi awal pembelian EV cenderung lebih tinggi, efisiensi jangka panjang pada aspek operasional, perawatan, dan pajak menjadikannya opsi yang lebih ekonomis dibandingkan ICE.
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